What Is RCS? RCS (Rich Communication Services) is a protocol designed to upgrade the traditional SMS experience. It features: High-Resolution Media: Images, videos, and GIFs in higher quality. Interactive Cards & Buttons: Allow users to take quick actions (e.g., add…

Abstract: This article provides a comprehensive exploration of how toll-free numbers are managed, assigned, and utilized in the United States. It traces the historical development of toll-free services, discusses the roles of key entities such as Somos and Responsible Organizations…

Abstract: This article provides a comprehensive overview of how telephone numbers are managed, assigned, and routed in the United States. It traces the historical development of the North American Numbering Plan (NANP), explains the roles of key entities such as…

Identity and Number Intelligence Services encompass a suite of tools designed to verify phone numbers, ensure compliance, authenticate users, and display accurate caller information. By combining multiple solutions—such as Carrier Lookup, Fed DNC (Do Not Call) checks, CNAM (Caller Name)…

Understanding the Evolution of Branded Caller ID (BCID): From Fragmentation to Standardization Branded Caller ID services have long promised to restore trust in voice communications by providing consumers with key identifiers like a business's name, logo, and reason for calling.…

What is SMS? A Look at the Ubiquitous Text Messaging Technology (5) Short Message Service (SMS) is one of the most widely used communication technologies in the world, enabling simple, text-based messages to be sent between mobile devices. Despite the…

Abstract:U.S. short codes—five- to six-digit numbers used primarily for high-volume, application-to-person (A2P) messaging—play a vital role in marketing campaigns, customer engagement, and informational alerts. This article traces the history of short codes in the United States, explains how they are…

Abstract: Caller ID solutions have been integral to modern telephony, enabling recipients to see who is calling before they answer. However, the scope of caller identification has grown more complex over time, moving from simple Caller Name (CNAM) lookups to…

Abstract: This article explores the United States’ Federal Do Not Call (DNC) Registry, detailing how it functions, who it covers, and why it plays a critical role in regulating telemarketing calls and texts. It examines the Telephone Consumer Protection Act…

Abstract: Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) and One-Time Passcodes (OTP) have become crucial tools in reducing fraudulent logins, data breaches, and unauthorized transactions. This article explores the concept of 2FA/OTP as a Service, detailing how these solutions work, why they are more…